What is life like for a female adult baboon?

Females are born into their position within the troop, keep it their whole lives, and pass it on to their daughters. They form strong bonds and friendships within a troop, and groups of females with babies tend to stick together to give each other support and share child-care duties. However, there are strict boundaries to observe depending on the female’s rank.  The alpha female will always monopolise the best food and resources, while the lowest ranking female will have to accept what is left.  Lower ranking females routinely groom females who are higher up the hierarchy.

If she is not pregnant or lactating, every 30-40 days, a female baboon comes into estrus, and her rear end swells up and becomes pink, to advertise that she is fertile and receptive to mating.  Females prefer to mate with the strongest and most dominant male in the troop in general, but there are always exceptions.  

The gestation period for a female Chacma baboon is six months. If her infant survives, she will become sexually receptive again about a year post-birth.

Peak reproductive years are 7-15 years old.  Once a female baboon reaches around 20, her fertility starts to decline, although it’s not unheard of for baboons in their early twenties to give birth. Chacma females don’t go through true menopause, but older females will rarely conceive.